Research Article
Open Access
An Assessment of Public Toilet Facilities and Their Associated Problems in Anyigba-Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria
Abstract
Public toilets play a vital role in community health and individual well-being. The purpose of this study is thus to access public toilets facilities and its associated problems. The study objectives includes: to identify the spatial location of public toilets facilities in the area, to identify problems associated with the uses of this toilets facilities and to assess user’s satisfaction with this facilities. A total of 100 users were examined through the administering of questionnaires to obtain information on their satisfaction as well as the problem associated with the use of these facilities. The primary data collected were analyzed using the descriptive statistics including the use of frequency table and percentage. The findings of this study revealed that public toilets facilities are inadequate and are heavily relied upon by households within the vicinity, especially those that are living without toilets at home and those who cannot access anyone. The study further revealed that the dominant problems encountered in the use of the public toilets are poor maintenance (44%). Majority of the respondents (68%) are not satisfied with the use of the public toilets facilities as the most common diseases encountered is Toilet infection (75%) and well as Diaharea (15) and Cholera (6). Government and sanitation institutions should provide additional toilet facilities in Anyigba to help reduce the inadequacy of toilet facilities to curb open defecation practices. Sanitation agencies and toilet caretakers should ensure that toilet facilities in the area are properly managed and kept clean to enhance their sustainability and utilization.
Keywords
Sanitation, Toilet, Infection, open defecation, Anyigba
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Andrew C and Richard F. (2009) Service for shelter implementing the habitat agenda the 1996-
2001 experience. communiqué of the two-day 3rd national stakeholder's forum on the new institutional mechanism for environmental protection and sustainable development in Nigeria 2009.
Asabia, A. (2010): Making a Clean Change; Women run Facilities Promote Health and Sanitation,
www.metamorphosis-nigeria.org (accessed on 6 December, 2011).
Bassey, B. (2014): Public Toilet System Impact And Associated Problem (A Case Study Of
Andoni L.G.A In Rivers State, Nigeria)
Bichard J, Hanson J. Greed C, 2004 Inclusive Design of Away from Home (Public) Toilets in City
Centres: Pilot Study, Clerkenwell, London VivaCity 2020 EPSRC Research Report. University College. London.
Caincross S, Feachem R (1993) Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics: An Introductory
Text Second Edition. Wiley, UK.
Daily Trust (2001). Taking world toilet day serious environmental and urbanization, 2003 Daily
Trust page 50 of 27 November 2001.
Daily Trust (2012): Abuja Urban growth issues Daily Trust page 42 of 15 Feb, 2012.
Eke, E.E., Rotowa, O.O and Nwachi, C.C (2016). Patronage and Physical Planning Implication of Public Toilets in Agege,Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of African and Asian Studies.
Evans, B. E, Bjerre, J. Calopietro, M. Peal, A and Konradsen, F (2010). Hooked on Sanitation
Subsidies. In: Reaching the MDG Targets for Sanitation in Africa A Call for Realism Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate (2010). National environmental sanitation strategy and action plan (NESSAP),2010-2015. Available:http://www.weghana.com/reports national environmentalsanitation strateg od action_plan.pl
Franceys, R., Pickford, J. and Reed, R. (1992) A guide to the development of on-site sanitation
World Health Organisation (WHO), Geneva. From http://who.int/water sanitation health/hygiene/envsa n/onsitesan.pdf. Retrieved May 2011.
Ghana Water Forum. (2011). Water and sanitation service delivery in a rapidly changing urban
environment. Ghana Water Forum Journal, Vol.1, pp. 12-31.
Greed, C. (2004), "A Code of Practice for Public Toilets in Britain", WTO Summit. Beijing, 17 19
Nov, 2004.
Greed, C. (2004), Public Toilets: The need to provide compulsory provision. Municipal Engineer
Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers, 157(Issue ME), pp. 77-85.
Hanson, J. (2004). The Inclusive City: Delivery a more Accessible Urban Environment through
Inclusive Design, Institute of Transport Studies, Monash University Social Research in Transport (SORT) Clearinghouse. In: RICS
Harvey, Peter, Baghri, Sohrab and Reed, Bod (2002) Emergency Sanitation: Assessment and
programme design. Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC). Loughborough University Engineering from publications/pdfs/es/ES06CD.pdf. Retrieved May 2011. http://wedc.Iboro.ac.uk
Isaac and Michael (2015): Characteristics And Management Of Public Toilets In Agege, Lagos,
Nigeria. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (UHSS) ISSN(P): 2319-393X ISSN(E): 2319-3948 Vol. 4, Issue 6, Oct-Nov 2015, 23-34 0
Jasper, C.; Le, T.-T.; Bartram, J. Water and sanitation in schools: A systematic review of the health
and educational outcomes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 2772-2787.
Norstrom, A. (2007). Swedish and Water House Report: Planning for drinking water and sanitation
in peri- urban areas- Sweden: Swedish Water House.
Tumwebaze Heijnen, M.; Cumming, O.; Peletz, R.; Chan, G.K.-S., Brown, J.; Baker, K.; Clasen,
T. ( 2014). Shared sanitation versus individual household latrines: A systematic review of health outcomes. PloS ONE
Tumwebaze.l K. PrevalenceanddeterminantsofthecleanlinessofsharedtoiletsinKampalaslums.t nda.
J. Public Health 2014, 22, 33-39.
Twumwine. J.K., Katua Katua, M., Mujwajuzi, M., Johnstone, N., Wood, E., Partos, 1., (2002)
Diarrhea and effects of different water sources, sanitation and hygiene behavior in East Africa. Journal of Medicine and International Health. Vol.7, no.9.
UNICEF. (2000) UNICEF Strategies Water and Environmental Sanitation, New York, 1995.
Water and Sanitation Sector Monitoring Platform (2012). Water and Sanitation Sector Overvies 2012. Accra: Water and Sanitation Sector Monitoring Platform.
WHO (2011). World Health Statistics 2011. Geneva: WHO.
WHO and UNICEF, 2010. Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water 2010 Update World Health
WHO, 2004. The sanitation challenge: turning commitment into reality. World Health
Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
WHO, 2010. Health through Safe Drinking Water and Basic Sanitation. Accessed from
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/mdg1/en/index.html.
WHO/UNICEF (2012). Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: 2012 Update. Geneva:
World Health Organization. Progress on Household Drinking Water, Sanitationand Hygiene 2000-2017: Special Focus on Inequalities; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland 2019.
WSP (2012). Nigeria Loses NGN 455 Billion Annually due Poor Sanitation, March. Available on www.wsp.org. Accessed on 10/06/12 Project, Kenya.