Journal of Environmental and Sustainability Science

Volume 1, Issue 3

Research Article Open Access

Comparative Analysis of Housing Quality and Residents’ Satisfaction across Local Council Development Areas in Ikorodu, Lagos State Nigeria

Emri Samuel Inaku, Babawale, Olutunde Joel

Pages 88-95

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Abstract

The research investigated the relationship that exist between housing quality and residents’ satisfaction. It is survey design, Data were drawn from the survey of residents in the Six (6) (LCDAs) within Ikorodu LGA. A total of four hundred and sixty-seven respondents were surveyed using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Multiple Regression Analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The regression analysis shows a strong and statistically significant relationship between housing quality and residential satisfaction. With an R² value of 0.942, findings reveal that housing quality explains 94.2% of the variation in residential satisfaction among respondents. This exceptionally high explanatory power demonstrates that the better the quality of housing, the more satisfied residents are with their living conditions. The unstandardized coefficient (B) for housing quality is 1.194, indicating that for every unit increase in housing quality, residential satisfaction increases by 1.194 units. This effect is statistically significant (p < 0.001), as evidenced by a very high t-value of 86.553. The standardized coefficient (Beta) of 0.970 further reinforces that housing quality is a dominant predictor in the model. The ANOVA, provides further support for the model's validity. The F-statistic of 7491.368 and the significance value (p = 0.000) show that the overall regression model is statistically significant. Hence, it was recommended that investments in housing quality are critical to enhancing residential satisfaction, the investment should include access to infrastructure, utilities/amenities with emphasis on housing upgrade to provide structural durability and a safe living environment.

Research Article Open Access

The Status and Importance of Ecotourism in Afghanistan

Hekmat Rahman Amiri,

Pages 96-104

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Abstract

Ecotourism, or nature-based tourism, is one of the most important branches of sustainable tourism and plays a fundamental role in environmental conservation, the economic development of local communities, employment generation, and increasing environmental awareness. Afghanistan, with its diverse climatic conditions, high mountain ranges, valleys, lakes, rivers, forests, rich biodiversity, and valuable cultural and historical heritage, possesses considerable potential for the development of ecotourism. The aim of this study is to examine the status and importance of ecotourism in Afghanistan, identify the country’s natural and cultural potentials, assess the opportunities and challenges associated with its development, and propose strategies for the sustainable utilization of these resources. The study employs a descriptive-analytical research method, and its findings are based on an analysis of scientific literature, relevant documents, and reports on sustainable tourism and ecotourism, particularly the guidelines and criteria developed by international institutions such as the World Tourism Organization, the United Nations Environment Programme, and the Global Sustainable Tourism Council. The findings indicate that areas such as Band-e Amir, Wakhan, Badakhshan, Nuristan, the Pamirs, as well as numerous valleys, forests, lakes, and mountainous regions of Afghanistan, have significant potential for ecotourism development. Furthermore, ecotourism can contribute to employment generation, strengthening local economies, conserving natural resources and cultural heritage, and increasing public awareness. However, inadequate infrastructure, limited accessibility, insufficient education and managerial capacity, security challenges, and certain social and cultural impacts constitute major barriers to its development. Therefore, the formulation of a national ecotourism strategy, implementation of pilot projects, empowerment of local communities, development of environmentally compatible infrastructure, and continuous monitoring can provide a foundation for the sustainable development of ecotourism in Afghanistan.

Research Article Open Access

From Commitment to Implementation: Reframing Climate Action through Policy Coherence, Green Finance and Multilevel Governance in Nepal

Madhukar Mani Acharya

Pages 105-119

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Abstract

Climate change has become a major constraint on sustainable development in Nepal, where climatic hazards interact with socioeconomic vulnerability, infrastructure deficits, fiscal constraints, and uneven institutional capacity. Nepal has progressively strengthened its climate-policy architecture through the National Climate Change Policy, successive Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the National Adaptation Plan, the Sixteenth Plan, and the revised Climate Change Financial Blueprint. Nepal's NDC 3.0, covering the period to 2035, further expands the country's mitigation and adaptation ambition and places greater emphasis on implementation, finance, institutional coordination, and mainstreaming climate action across levels of government. Nevertheless, the existence of increasingly comprehensive policies does not necessarily translate into measurable climate-development outcomes. This study examines Nepal's climate action through an integrated analytical framework linking policy coherence, climate and green finance, institutional transformation, multilevel governance, and SDG localization. The study employs a qualitative documentary research design based on systematic analysis of government policies and plans, climate-finance and budgetary documents, international institutional reports, and relevant peer-reviewed literature. The analysis focuses on the extent to which climate commitments are translated into financing arrangements, institutional responsibilities, subnational implementation mechanisms, and outcome-oriented monitoring. The documentary evidence indicates that Nepal's principal challenge has increasingly shifted from a policy-formation deficit to an implementation-coherence deficit. Policy integration has improved, but fragmentation across sectors and levels of government, limited project-preparation capacity, uneven access to climate finance, institutional capacity constraints, and weak outcome-based monitoring continue to restrict implementation effectiveness. The study therefore distinguishes between administrative localization, in which responsibilities are devolved, and functional localization, in which local institutions possess the authority, finance, technical capacity, information, and accountability mechanisms needed to deliver climate outcomes. Based on these findings, the study proposes an Integrated Climate Action Acceleration Framework for Nepal (ICAAF-Nepal) consisting of five mutually reinforcing pillars: policy coherence, green and climate-finance mobilization, institutional transformation, localized and community-centred implementation, and evidence-based monitoring and accountability. The study argues that climate finance should be understood not simply as a resource-volume issue but as an institutional system connecting capital mobilization with project preparation, implementation, risk management, and measurable outcomes. The framework contributes to climate-governance scholarship by explaining climate-action effectiveness as a problem of implementation coherence rather than policy adequacy alone. It also provides a policy-oriented pathway for linking Nepal's climate commitments with resilient, inclusive, and low-carbon sustainable development.

Research Article Open Access

Intra-Urban Analysis of the State of Residential Housing in Lokoja, Nigeria

Sherifat Olorunshola ALIYU, Femi Owemidu BAMIDELE, Abduwahid YUSUF

Pages 120-128

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Abstract

The study is an inur-urban analysis of state of housing with a focus on degeneration and quality in selected Residential densities in Lokoja, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was first adopted to select two quarters each in the high (Adankolo and Lokongoma) and low (Sarki-noma and Zone 8) densities residential areas in Lokoja. Systematic method was adopted to select 400. household heads for questionnaire administration. Primary data were collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A 3-ponts Likert scale was used to classify responses which were further subjected to students’ T-test to ccompare housing quality and housing degeneration among the High and Low Density Residential areas. The findings showed that prominent housing degeneration observable in the study area were felt in terms of the conditions of housing facilities and were accepted because their Mean Weighted Value (MWV) were more than the Grand Mean Weighted Value (GMWV) of 2.16 for high residential areas and 2.35 for low residential areas. At p=0.05 and df =18, the Calculated t-Value = 6.154 while the Tabulated t-Value is 1.725. Since the Calculated t-Value 6.154 is greater than the Tabulated t-Value =1.725. Ho is rejected. That is, there is significant difference in housing degeneration between High Density Residential area (Adankolo and Lokongoma) and Low Density Residential area (Sarki-Noma and Zone 8) in the study area. Based on respondents’ perception which were retrieved from information of questionnaires administered to respondents. The result showed they have problem of poor drainage system and poor waste disposal facility which has pollution effect on the environment and health of residents in the study area. It could be concluded based on findings in the study that the level of housing degeneration in the study area is more prominent in high residential district than in low residential district. Recommendations made was that more priority should be given to housing improvement in the high density zone than the low density zone.

Research Article Open Access

An Assessment of Public Toilet Facilities and Their Associated Problems in Anyigba-Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria

Nurudeen Adeniyi, Eke Edward E, Adejoh Petergérard Akumabi, Femi Owemidu Bamidele, Onoja Dorcas

Pages 129-137

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Abstract

Public toilets play a vital role in community health and individual well-being. The purpose of this study is thus to access public toilets facilities and its associated problems. The study objectives includes: to identify the spatial location of public toilets facilities in the area, to identify problems associated with the uses of this toilets facilities and to assess user’s satisfaction with this facilities. A total of 100 users were examined through the administering of questionnaires to obtain information on their satisfaction as well as the problem associated with the use of these facilities. The primary data collected were analyzed using the descriptive statistics including the use of frequency table and percentage. The findings of this study revealed that public toilets facilities are inadequate and are heavily relied upon by households within the vicinity, especially those that are living without toilets at home and those who cannot access anyone. The study further revealed that the dominant problems encountered in the use of the public toilets are poor maintenance (44%). Majority of the respondents (68%) are not satisfied with the use of the public toilets facilities as the most common diseases encountered is Toilet infection (75%) and well as Diaharea (15) and Cholera (6). Government and sanitation institutions should provide additional toilet facilities in Anyigba to help reduce the inadequacy of toilet facilities to curb open defecation practices. Sanitation agencies and toilet caretakers should ensure that toilet facilities in the area are properly managed and kept clean to enhance their sustainability and utilization.